The Synoptic Gospels

Certificate Bible Course

Course Overview

This course introduces students to the study of the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) by exploring their background, composition, shared features, unique themes, and theological insights. It balances academic depth with spiritual reflection, equipping learners to understand the life and teachings of Jesus as presented by the Synoptic Evangelists.

Course Objectives

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

• Explain what distinguishes a Gospel and why Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called “Synoptic.”
• Compare and contrast the similarities and differences among the three Synoptics.
• Understand the scholarly debate surrounding the “Synoptic Problem” and major theories about Gospel interdependence.
• Identify the unique theological emphasis of each Gospel writer.
• Apply critical methods of interpretation, including historical, literary, and theological approaches.
• Develop practical insights from the Synoptics for teaching, ministry, and personal faith.

Course Structure

The course is divided into 16 sessions (suitable for weekly lessons or intensive modules).

Module 1: Foundations

1. Introduction to the Gospels – What a “Gospel” is and how it differs from other biblical genres.
2. The World of the Gospels – Historical, cultural, and religious background of the first century.
3. Why the Synoptics? – Understanding what makes Matthew, Mark, and Luke “see together.”

Module 2: The Synoptic Problem

4. Similarities and Differences – Triple tradition, double tradition, and unique material.
5. Markan Priority – Why many scholars consider Mark the earliest Gospel.
6. Source Theories – The Q source and alternative explanations.

Module 3: The Gospel Portraits of Jesus

7. Mark’s Narrative – Jesus as suffering servant and the “Messianic Secret.”
8. Matthew’s Gospel – Jesus as the new Moses, teacher of the Kingdom, and fulfillment of prophecy.
9. Luke’s Gospel – Jesus as savior for all, with an emphasis on the marginalized and the work of the Spirit.

Module 4: Key Theological Themes

10. Birth Narratives – Contrasting Matthew’s and Luke’s accounts of Jesus’ origins.
11. Miracles and Parables – Shared teachings and unique emphases in each Gospel.
12. Passion Narratives – Arrest, trial, and crucifixion as presented in the Synoptics.
13. Resurrection Accounts – Differences in the empty tomb and post-resurrection appearances.

Module 5: Deeper Reflections

14. Authorship and Dating – Who wrote the Gospels and when?
15. Historical Jesus and Synoptic Portraits – How the Synoptics contribute to understanding Jesus’ ministry.
16. The Value of the Synoptics Today – Theological significance and spiritual application.

Assessment & Certification

• Essay Assignment (1,500–2,000 words on a selected Gospel theme or passage).
• Capstone Project (3,000–3,500 words: a comparative study, exegetical paper, or practical application project).
• Examination.

Successful students will receive a Certificate in Synoptic Gospel Studies.

Suggested Core Resources

• The Holy Bible (recommended translations: NRSV, ESV, NIV, or similar).
• Introductory textbook on the Gospels (e.g., Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels or Jesus and the Gospels).
• Supplementary articles, study notes, and instructor-provided materials.

Wrap-Up and Certificate Award

At the end of the course, students will:

• Submit a final reflection summarizing what they learned.
• Share how the Synoptics shape their faith and ministry. (mail to: m.adedoyin@relifact.com.ng)
• Receive a Certificate of Completion upon fulfilling all requirements.